MaxLang语言基础

-- All New Design, All For DevOps

MaxLang is the dedicated programming language for automating the DevOps tasks, which is implemented and maintained by MaxCloud team.

Primitive Data Types

Number

In Maxlang, it is not necessary to distinguish the numerical value's type, such as integer and float. Maxlang can recoginze and convert values automatically.

a = 11
b = 100
a + b

a = 10
b = 1.2
a + b

String

A string value is quoted by " or ` .

a = "Hello World"
a

a = `Hello World!
     I love China!`
a

a = "Hello"
b = `World`
a+" "+ b

Boolean

The boolean value is either "true" or "false".

a = true;
a

2 > 3

Function

Function is treated as the basic data type and the first class citizen in Maxlang. If you are familiar with Lisp, you can treat it as the function in Lisp.

In Maxlang, function can be used as the arguments or the return value of other functions.

add = fn(x,y){x+y}
add(1,1)

sub = fn(x,y){
         return x-y;
       }
sub(2,1)

The following example is about how you can implement "Command Patter" (GoF) very easily by leveraging Maxlang's function.

cmdPattern = fn(x, y){y(x)}
cmdPattern(10, fn(x){x*10}) 

cmdPattern(10, fn(x){x/10})

Statements

Conditional statement

The typical conditional statements, "if" and "if-else" are both supported in Maxlang.

if (true) {
    "TRUE"
}else{
    "FALSE"
}

Loop statement

For loop structure, currently, only "while" statement is supported. The "break" and "continue" statements are supported, which can be used in the loop structure to change the execution flow.

i = 1;
sum = 0;
while (i < 10) {
    sum = sum + i;
    i = i + 1
}
sum 

i = 1
sum = 0
while (i<10) {  
    if (i/2 * 2 != i) { /* 2 + 4 + 6 + 8 */
        i = i + 1
        continue
    }
    sum = sum + i
    i = i+1
}
sum

Collections

Array

The elements in an array can be any primitive type object, even a function, also the different type of the elements could be mixed in an array.

The index of an array starts from 0.

myArray = [1,2, fn(x,y){x+y}, "Hello ", "World"]

myArray[2](myArray[0],myArray[1])

myArray[2](myArray[3],myArray[4])

Built-in functions for array

len ( < array > )

Get the number of the elements in the array.

arr = [1,2,3,4,5]

len(arr)

first ( < array > )

Get the first element of the array

first(arr)

last ( < array > )

Get the last element of the array

last(arr)

rest (< array >)

return a new array with removing the first element

rest(arr)

The following example is to travel an array with the built-in functions.

nums = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
sum = 0
while(len(nums)>0){
    sum = sum + first(nums)
    nums = rest(nums)
}
sum

HashTable

Like the mainstream programming language, HashTable is the collection of the key-value pairs.

In a key-value pair :

The key can be a primitive object except a function.

The value be a primitive object, a collection or a hashtable.

dic = {1:"one","one":1,"inc":fn(x){x+1}, "arr":[1,2,3,5], "table":{2:"two","sub":fn(x){x-1}}}

dic[1]

dic["inc"](dic["one"])

Built-in functions for Hashtable

keys (< hashtable >)

Get the keys of a hashtable.

keys(dic)

values (< hashtable >)

Get the values of a hashtable

values(dic)

Built-in functions

Conversion

ntos (< number >)

Convert a numeric value to the related string value.

"result = " + ntos(100)

"result = " + ntos(10.19)

ston (< string >)

Convert a string value to the related numeric value.

1 + ston("10")

1 + ston("11.11")

JSON query

For one simple example is more expressive than thousands of the words, I'd like to use several simple examples to explain how the built-in functions work.

json=`{"name":"sam", 
        "skills": { 
                    "coding":["C","Java","php"], 
                     "habits":["eating","sleeping"],
                     "scores":[80,90,100]
                    }
       }`

jpath("skills.coding.[1]", json)

jpath("skills",json)["coding"][2]

MaxLang is growing fast, still more to come!